Commensal bacteria-derived extracellular vesicles suppress ulcerative colitis through regulating the macrophages polarization and remodeling the gut microbiota
Abstract Background The extracellular vesicles (EVs) traffic constitutes an essential pathway of cellular communication.And the molecules in EVs produced by procaryotes help in maintaining homeostasis, addressing microbial imbalance and infections, and regulating the immune system.Despite the fact that Clostridium butyricum (C.butyricum) is commonl